Enkelt kæde

Enkelt kæde fra Kollemorten-Harresø, Læsø, Salling, & Vendsyssel

Country: Kollemorten-Harresø, Læsø, Salling, & Vendsyssel, Denmark
Type: set dance

		Enkelt kæde, Læsø Formation: 2 couples, facing Steps: hurretrin (buzz step), gangtrin (walk) Sheet music: (1) 358:563 efter Ole Søegaard, (2) efter Ole Søegaard, (3) nr 95 efter Madvig Vilsen 1986, (4) Pedersen & enkelt kæde efter Ole Søegaard (5) Krak, Kenneth et al/ Læsø - dans & musik. s.l.: Folkemusikhusringen, 1995. pp. 86, 167-169. (6) Foreningen til Folkedansens Fremme (FFF)/ Gamle danse fra Vendsyssel og Læsø . 2 opl. København, 1982 pp. 43-44. (7) Grüner-Nielsen, H./ Læsøfolk i gamle dage. (Danmarks Folkeminder Nr. 29) København: Det Schønbergske Forlag, 1924. p.251. Recordings: Fladstrand Spillemændene Spillemandsmusik med liv & sjæl (FSCD20061) track 03; Herlev-Kvintetten Kredsen runt II 1993 (DFSCD2) track 04; Hvalsøspillemændene Kom ind 1975 (BP7746) track A3; Kvasir Nye sko (GO0306) track 03; Mortensen, Hartvig Traditionel musik fra Læsø 1995 (DFS5) track 07 [YouTube]; Mølposen Tværs track 10; Rannok track 01 [YouTube]; Spillemandsgruppen Lunterne (LNTCD02) track 11.
Bars	Part	Dance progression:
\|:1-4:\|	1 (a)	Circle: All form closed circle and dance CW, 16 walking steps.
5-6	(b)	Elbow hook chain & swing: All take R-elbow hook with opposite, turn 3/4 turn CW, so that both M finish back to back. 4 walking steps.
7-8		All take L-elbow hook with partner, turn once round CCW, so that both M again finish back to back. 4 walking steps.
9-12		All place R hand on opposite's waist, L hand on opposite's upper arm, and dance CW on the spot, 8 buzz steps. Finish with opposite as new partner. [The FFF source below specifies swing with partner . The Grüner-Nielsen and Krak sources both specify swing with opposite.]
		Part (b) is the same in sequences 1-4.
\|:1-4:\|	2 (a)	Swing partner: Couples take waltz hold with partner and swing CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-4:\|	3 (a)	Swing partner: Couples take waltz hold with partner and swing CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-4:\|	4 (a)	Swing partner: Couples take waltz hold with partner and swing CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps. [NB: opposite is now 'temporary' partner in the seuquence that follows.]
\|:1-4:\|	5 (a)	One hand star: All 4 dancers take R-hand star and dance CW on the spot, 16 walking steps,
5-12	(b)	R-elbow hook with original partner, and L-elbow hook with opposite, as above (5-8). Swing with original partner, 8 CW buzz steps (9-12).
\|:1-4:\|	6 (a)	Two hand star: All 4 dancers take 2-hand star hold and dance CW on the spot, 16 walking steps.
5-12	(b)	R-elbow hook with opposite, and L-elbow hook with original partner, as above (5-8). Swing with opposite after the elbow-hook chain.
\|:1-4:\|	7 (a)	Circle: All form closed circle and dance CW 16 walking steps.
5-12	(b)	R-elbow hook with original partner, and L-elbow hook with opposite, as above (5-8). Swing with original partner. [Note: in 2-couple dances, the normal sequences (parts) on Læsø are collapsed, namely one-hand stars for M and W and two-hand stars for M and W, and closed circles for M and W are eliminated, resulting in only 8 sequences (parts).]
\|:1-4:\|		Swing opposite: The dance finishes in waltz hold swinging opposite on the spot, 16 buzz steps. Notes: -- Enkelt kæde from Læsø is normally [Krak et al says 'always'] preceded by Pedersen\|Petersen. -- the dance is also known on Samsø, by the same name. On Samsø, however, part (b) consists of a standard R-hand chain, beginning with R-hand to partner. -- the elbow-hook chain used on Læsø is the same as that used in firtur fra Varde. -- Anna Juul, who gave a number of courses on dances from Læsø taught the dance without changing partners, ie after the elbow-hook chain & swing, the opposite W finished on the L side of the M she had just swung with. -- according to Krak et al, the tune is found in manuscript notebooks from as far back as the mid-1700s under the title "The rackes of London", and was presumably used for contredanses anglaises. Over the course of the 1700-1800 hundreds it became associated with a number of dances of different types. It is one of the most widely known tunes in Denmark. Although the tune has remained relatively unchanged for the most part, the tune on Læsø has developed into its own variant. The music as noted in Ole Peter Christensen's manuscript notebook from 1850-1861 illustrates the relationship between the two versions. See video from KØST2017 and on YouTube with FFFs kvartet, Jydsk på næsen (at 4:18), Jansberg & Sørensen 2014 Tophøj & Grubæk (at 4:00), Bugge, Eget & Davis Maack, and Wolf, Damgård, Bugge & Krak 2012 (at 7:12). Source: Krak, Kenneth et al/ Læsø - dans & musik. s.l.: Folkemusikhusringen, 1995. pp. 84-85, 167-169. See also: -- Grüner-Nielsen, H./ Læsøfolk i gamle dage. (Danmarks Folkeminder Nr. 29) København: Det Schønbergske Forlag, 1924. pp. 250-251. -- Foreningen til Folkedansens Fremme (FFF)/ Gamle danse fra Vendsyssel og Læsø . 2 opl. København, 1982 pp. 43-44.

		Enkelt kæde, Kollemorten-Harresø, Sydjylland Formation: 2 couples, facing Steps: chassé (change step), hopsa, svingtrin (buzz step), gangtrin (walk) Sheet music: 358:61. Same tune as Dronningens dans fra Fyn, a variant of 'rakes of Mallow' with an additional phrase, ie AABBCC structure.
Bars	Part	Dance progression:
\|:1-8:\|	1 (a)	Circle: Both couples form closed circle and dance CW, 8 walking steps (1-8). Ditto CCW, 8 walking steps (1-8).
9-16	(b)	M figuré: Both M, arms folded on chest, dance on the spot before partner with 4 small [sideways] chassé steps, beginning with L foot and with slight turns to L and R. Meanwhile W stands waiting, facing partner.
9-16		Both M turn on first step to repeat (b) facing opposite W. Both W meanwhile turn, on first step, to face opposite M.
17-20	(c)	Elbow hook: All take R-elbow hook with opposite M/W, turn 1/2 turn CW, so that both M end up back to back. 4 walking steps.
21-24		All take L-elbow hook with partner, turn 1-1/2 times round CCW, 4 walking steps. Finish in opposite couple's place.
17-24		Repeat (c), finishing in original place.
		[Part (b) is the same in all sequences; part (c) is the same in sequences 1 through 7.]
\|:1-8:\|	2 (a)	Couples front crossed hold: Both couples take front crossed hold, with thumb hold, and dance CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	3 (a)	W front crossed hold: Both W take front crossed hold, with thumb hold, and dance CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	4 (a)	M front crossed hold: Both M take front crossed hold, with thumb hold, and dance CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	5 (a)	Couples back crossed hold: Both couples back crossed hold and dance CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	6 (a)	W back crossed hold: Both W back crossed hold and dance CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	7 (a)	M back crossed hold: Both M back crossed hold and dance CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	8 (a)	Circle: Both couples form closed circle and dance CW, 8 walking steps (1-8). Ditto CCW, 8 walking steps (1-8).
\|:17-24:\|	(c)	Hopsa: The dance finishes with couples in waltz hold dancing hopsa out around the dance floor, 16 hopsa steps. Source: Hansen, H. H./ Gamle danse fra forskellige egne. 3 opl. København: Foreningen til Folkedansens Fremme, 1998 pp. 42-44.

		Enkelt kæde, Salling, Nordjylland Formation: 2 couples, facing Steps: hurretrin (buzz step), gangtrin (walk) Sheet music: (1) 358:510 or (2) 358:97 [same tune as Dronningens dans fra Fyn, a variant of rakes of Mallow]. Recordings: Spillemandslauget Tramp Tramp 2 track 06; Tramp Tramp 3 track A6; unattributed [YouTube],
Bars	Part	Dance progression:
\|:1-8:\|	1 (a)	Circle: Both couples form closed circle and dance CW 16 buzz steps.
9-12	(b)	Ottetalsknude: All take R-hand hold with opposite, turn once round CW, so that both M end up back to back. 4 walking steps. Alternatively, use R-elbow hook.
13-16		All take L-hand hold with partner, turn once round CCW, 4 walking steps. Alternatively, use L-elbow hook.
9-16		Repeat (b).
		Part (b) is the same in all sequences.
\|:1-8:\|	2 (a)	Swing: Both couples take waltz hold with partner and dance on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	3 (a)	One-hand star: Both couples form one-hand star and circle CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	4 (a)	Two-hand star: Both couples form two-hand star and circle CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps.
\|:1-8:\|	5 (a)	Back basket: All 4 dancers back basket and dance CW on the spot, 16 buzz steps,
\|:1-8:\|		Swing: The dance finishes with couples in waltz hold with partner dancing on the spot, 16 buzz steps. Source: Krogh, I. C. and spouse/ Gamle Salling-danse. 4:e opl. København: Foreningen til Folkedansens Fremme, 1980. pp. 19-20.

		Enkelt kæde, Vendsyssel Formation: 2 couples, facing Steps: gangtrin (walk) Sheet music: Sørensen, Pia & Per/ VI: 27 gamle folkedanse fra Jylland. [Kolding]: Pia & Per Sørensen, [2000] p.8. Recordings:
Bars	Part	Dance progression:
\|:1-8:\|	1 (a)	Circle: Both couples form closed circle and dance CW 16 walking steps. Ditto CCW, 16 walking steps.
\|:9-16:\|	(b)	Chain: All dance R-hand chain, 32 walking steps.
		Part (b) is the same in all sequences.
\|:1-8:\|	2 (a)	One-hand star: Both couples form R-hand star and dance CW 16 walking steps. Ditto CCW in L-hand star, 16 walking steps.
\|:1-8:\|	3 (a)	Two-hand star: Both couples form two-hand star and dance CW 16 walking steps. Ditto CCW, 16 walking steps.
\|:1-8:\|	4 (a)	Back basket: Both couples form back basket [W hands on M shoulders] and dance CW 16 walking steps. Ditto CCW, 16 walking steps. Provenance: the dance was documented by Marie Korslund, Tårs, and Frode Nielsen, Halvorsminde Ungdomsskole, probably based on information from the Nielsen family, St. Toften in Torshøj. Source: Sørensen, Pia & Per/ VI: 27 gamle folkedanse fra Jylland. [Kolding]: Pia & Per Sørensen, [2000] pp.8-9. See also: -- Korslund, Marie & Frode Nielsen/ Gamle Vendsysseldanse. Samlet og udgivet af: Marie Korslund, Tårs og Frode Nielsen, Halvorsminde Ungdomsskole, Hjørring, Th. Mortensens Bogtrykkeri, 1935.

Translation: Laine Ruus, Oakville, 2017-05-01, rev. 2022-06-20.

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